Parkinson's Disease

One of the greatest challenges in Parkinson's disease is that diagnosis often occurs after significant neurological changes have already taken place. Researchers now believe the disease may begin years—or even decades—before the motor symptoms that typically trigger clinical evaluation. By the time symptoms appear, most patients have lost 60% to 80% or more of the dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra. This growing understanding has intensified the search for reliable biomarkers that could improve diagnosis, monitor disease progression, guide clinical trial recruitment, and support the development of new therapies.